15.3 Relationship to trig functions

Previously (in Section 14.7.2) we showed two very useful identities

cos⁡(x)=ei⁢x+e−i⁢x2\displaystyle\cos(x)=\frac{e^{ix}+e^{-ix}}{2} (15.25)
sin⁡(x)=ei⁢x−e−i⁢x−2⁢i\displaystyle\sin(x)=\frac{e^{ix}-e^{-ix}}{-2i} (15.26)

If, in either of these equations we set x=i⁢θx=i\theta we can write sin⁡(i⁢θ)\sin(i\theta) and cos⁡(i⁢θ)\cos(i\theta) in terms of sinh⁡(x)\sinh(x) and cosh⁡(x)\cosh(x), respectively.

sin⁡(i⁢θ)\displaystyle\sin(i\theta) =ei⁢(i⁢θ)−e−i⁢(i⁢θ)−2⁢i\displaystyle=\frac{e^{i(i\theta)}-e^{-i(i\theta)}}{-2i} (15.27)
=e−θ−eθ−2⁢i\displaystyle=\frac{e^{-\theta}-e^{\theta}}{-2i} (15.28)
=i⁢eθ−e−θ2⁢ multiplying by ii=1\displaystyle=i\frac{e^{\theta}-e^{-\theta}}{2}\text{ multiplying by $\frac{i}% {i}=1$} (15.29)
=i⁢sinh⁡(θ)\displaystyle=i\sinh(\theta) (15.30)
cos⁡(i⁢θ)\displaystyle\cos(i\theta) =ei⁢(i⁢θ)+e−i⁢(i⁢θ)2\displaystyle=\frac{e^{i(i\theta)}+e^{-i(i\theta)}}{2} (15.31)
=e−θ+eθ2\displaystyle=\frac{e^{-\theta}+e^{\theta}}{2} (15.32)
=cosh⁡(θ)\displaystyle=\cosh(\theta) (15.33)